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The elastic-plastic properties of individual phases in cemented carbides have a significant influence on their mechanical properties. Compared to the hard phase, it is more difficult to directly obtain the elastic-plastic properties of the binder phase. In this work, the coupled nanoindentation technique and finite element method were used to calibrate the elastic-plastic properties of binder phase. The elastic-plastic parameters obtained from nanoindentation test were used as inputs to the finite element nanoindentation model, the input values were iteratively corrected to minimise the error between the simulation results and the experimental results, and finally the elastic-plastic parameters of binder phase were obtained. The predicted Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, and nanoindentation hardness of binder are in good agreement with the experimental results. Furthermore, a hardness model of cemented carbide based on a realistic microstructure has been established. By comparing the experimental results of cemented carbides with varying Ni content in the binder phase with the simulation results, it is demonstrated that the method for obtaining the elastic-plastic parameters of the binder phase proposed in this study enhances the accuracy of hardness predictions for cemented carbide through finite element simulation. This work demonstrates the value of the finite element method in the study of cemented carbides.