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Synthesis and characterization of WO3 single crystals by physical vapor transport method
Tungsten trioxide (WO3) is a key material in modern applications such as gas sensors, water splitting and electrochromic devices, and serves as a model system for studying displacive phase transitions. We present a simple, cost-effective physical vapor transport method using a sealed quartz ampoule to grow large WO3 single crystals with controlled stoichiometry. Characterization by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy combined with density functional theory predictions confirms the crystal structure and identifies the γ-WO3 and δ-WO3 phases. This versatile synthesis approach provides crystals for advanced investigations of WO3’s structural and functional properties.